How do you pitch to investors?

10 perspectives · Updated · 4 min read

First-time founders tend to polish the slides. The investors here care more about what the founder says in the room.

Tom Eisenmann has watched thousands of student pitches. Trae Stephens sat through more than 500 pitch meetings in his first year at Founders Fund. Anu Hariharan still pitches the way Jeff Jordan taught her.

The short answer

Pitch investors by answering why this problem, why you, and why now in about 90 seconds, then turn the meeting into a conversation. Show the progress you have, name the two things you still have to prove, and tell a story about the future that investors can repeat. If the product works, show it live.

Ask them yourself

Sign up for 100% free conversations forever.

Sign up

Who you should listen to

Ten investors: partners at Founders Fund, Khosla Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz, Lux, and Bain Capital Ventures, seed fund managers, and a Harvard Business School professor.

  • Anu Hariharan · Founder and managing partner of avra, backed Brex and Monzo at YC

    Listen for: What investors assume when they catch you hiding a weakness.

  • Tom Eisenmann · Harvard Business School professor who has watched thousands of student pitches

    Listen for: Why the slickest deck rarely wins the money.

  • Keith Rabois · Managing director at Khosla Ventures, early investor in Stripe and Airbnb

    Listen for: Who to practice your pitch on.

  • Charles Hudson · Seed investor with 400+ investments at Precursor

    Listen for: Making a story investors can repeat in their own heads.

  • Trae Stephens · Partner at Founders Fund, co-founder of Anduril

    Listen for: What the pitches that landed opened with.

  • Parul Singh · Partner at 645 Ventures, founded Gradeable

    Listen for: How she pitches a business in an unusual space.

  • Enrique Salem · Partner at Bain Capital Ventures, sold Brightmail to Symantec

    Listen for: Why a coached one-line moat doesn't impress him.

  • Deena Shakir · Partner at Lux Capital

    Listen for: What to send before you get the meeting.

  • Kirsten Green · Founder and managing partner of Forerunner

    Listen for: What makes her want to back the person.

  • Justine Moore · Partner at Andreessen Horowitz

    Listen for: Why live demos beat polished decks right now.

What do VCs want to hear in a pitch?

Anu Hariharan

Anu Hariharan

Founder and managing partner of avra, backed Brex and Monzo at YC

Founder of avra

Why themBacked Brex, Monzo, Rappi, and Faire at YC and published a16z's network effects deck.

Anu’s advice: Tell the vision, show the progress, and name the two things you still have to prove.

I pitch the way Jeff Jordan taught me: tell the vision, show the progress, and name the two things you still have to prove. Investors are paid to be cynical, so if they catch you hiding one weakness they assume you are hiding three.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Tom Eisenmann

Tom Eisenmann

Harvard Business School professor who has watched thousands of student pitches

HBS professor

Why themWrote 130 HBS cases and headed an HBS course for 900 MBAs.

Tom’s advice: Answer why this problem, why me, and why now in about 90 seconds, then start a conversation.

I’ve watched thousands of student pitches, and the ones that land money are never the ones with the slickest deck. They’re the ones where the founder can answer why this problem, why me, and why now in about 90 seconds, then turn the meeting into a conversation instead of a monologue.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Keith Rabois

Keith Rabois

Managing director at Khosla Ventures, early investor in Stripe and Airbnb

Khosla Ventures

Why themEarly investor in Stripe, Airbnb, and Palantir, and co-founder of Opendoor.

Keith’s advice: Don't rehearse on mediocre investors, because they ask the wrong questions.

Don't practice on mediocre investors. They ask the wrong questions, so you rehearse answers that won't matter when a top investor dials into the two or three things that actually drive the decision.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Charles Hudson

Charles Hudson

Seed investor with 400+ investments at Precursor

Precursor

Why themHas made more than 400 investments at Precursor and co-founded Bionic Panda Games.

Charles’s advice: Without much traction, the pitch has to be a believable story about the future.

Most early-stage companies don't have enough traction for traction to be the lead story, so the pitch has to be a believable narrative about the future that hangs together. I spend a lot of time with our founders translating the story they want to tell into a story investors can repeat in their own heads.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Trae Stephens

Trae Stephens

Partner at Founders Fund, co-founder of Anduril

Founders Fund

Why themCo-founded Anduril and Varda, and sat through over 500 pitch meetings in his first year at Founders Fund.

Trae’s advice: Start with the quest and make the investor believe the world is worse without you.

I don't pitch much anymore, but I sat through over 500 pitch meetings my first year at Founders Fund, and the ones that landed started with the quest, not the spreadsheet. The founder had to make me believe the world was worse if they didn't exist.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Parul Singh

Parul Singh

Partner at 645 Ventures, founded Gradeable

645 Ventures

Why themFounded the K-12 analytics startup Gradeable and now backs seed-stage founders.

Parul’s advice: Tell a hero's story about how the company changes the world, and show a non-obvious truth.

I pitch investors by telling a story about how the company changes the world, using Joseph Campbell's hero's journey more than Schumpeter's disruption. I also make sure to show the non-obvious truth I see in the market, especially if the business is in an unusual space.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Enrique Salem

Enrique Salem

Partner at Bain Capital Ventures, sold Brightmail to Symantec

Bain Capital Ventures

Why themSold Brightmail to Symantec for $370 million and led Docker's $105 million Series C.

Enrique’s advice: Map everything that has to be true for the company to win over seven to ten years.

When I listen to a pitch, I care less about the single moat people were coached to recite and more about whether they can map out everything that has to be true for the company to win over seven to ten years. I want to see the founder who does not know how thick the wall is and runs at it anyway, because that willingness to take risks is what changes markets.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Deena Shakir

Deena Shakir

Partner at Lux Capital

Lux partner

Why themPartner at Lux Capital and a Fortune 40 Under 40 honoree.

Deena’s advice: Send a 30-second Loom or a tight memo that shows why the firm is a fit.

I don't want a one-line email that makes me guess, and I don't think most VCs do either. A 30-second Loom or a tight Notion memo that shows you did five minutes of homework on why we're a fit saves everyone time, including you.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Kirsten Green

Kirsten Green

Founder and managing partner of Forerunner

Forerunner founder

Why themRaised $2.3 billion for Forerunner and backed Dollar Shave Club and Jet.com.

Kirsten’s advice: Tell your own story so the investor leaves wanting to join your team.

I don't want founders to tell my story; I want them to tell theirs. The pitches that land are the ones where I walk out wanting to get on that person's team, not just the idea.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Justine Moore

Justine Moore

Partner at Andreessen Horowitz

a16z partner

Why themPartner at Andreessen Horowitz who backed Town's $55 million Series A.

Justine’s advice: Show the product working live, then explain why your team will ship fastest.

I don't think there's a generic playbook anymore. In AI especially, the best pitches I've seen lately are live demos and viral product moments, not polished decks. Show the thing working, then explain why you're the team that will ship it fastest.

Answered by their Delphi on .

Everyone’s advice at a glance

How 10 people answer: How do you pitch to investors?
WhoTheir advice
Anu HariharanFounder and managing partner of avra, backed Brex and Monzo at YCTell the vision, show the progress, and name the two things you still have to prove.
Tom EisenmannHarvard Business School professor who has watched thousands of student pitchesAnswer why this problem, why me, and why now in about 90 seconds, then start a conversation.
Keith RaboisManaging director at Khosla Ventures, early investor in Stripe and AirbnbDon't rehearse on mediocre investors, because they ask the wrong questions.
Charles HudsonSeed investor with 400+ investments at PrecursorWithout much traction, the pitch has to be a believable story about the future.
Trae StephensPartner at Founders Fund, co-founder of AndurilStart with the quest and make the investor believe the world is worse without you.
Parul SinghPartner at 645 Ventures, founded GradeableTell a hero's story about how the company changes the world, and show a non-obvious truth.
Enrique SalemPartner at Bain Capital Ventures, sold Brightmail to SymantecMap everything that has to be true for the company to win over seven to ten years.
Deena ShakirPartner at Lux CapitalSend a 30-second Loom or a tight memo that shows why the firm is a fit.
Kirsten GreenFounder and managing partner of ForerunnerTell your own story so the investor leaves wanting to join your team.
Justine MoorePartner at Andreessen HorowitzShow the product working live, then explain why your team will ship fastest.

How to pitch to investors, step by step

  1. Do your homework before the meeting. Deena Shakir wants a short Loom or memo that shows why her firm is a fit.

  2. Open with why this, why you, why now. Tom Eisenmann says the pitches that land money answer those in about 90 seconds. Trae Stephens says to start with the quest.

  3. Show progress and name the gaps. Anu Hariharan names the two things she still has to prove, because investors who catch one hidden weakness assume three.

  4. Tell a story they can repeat. Charles Hudson helps founders turn the story they want to tell into one investors can retell. Parul Singh shows the non-obvious truth she sees in the market.

  5. Show it working. Justine Moore says the best recent pitches she's seen are live demos.

  6. Practice with good investors. Keith Rabois says mediocre investors ask the wrong questions, so you rehearse answers that won't matter.

Where they disagree

Charles Hudson says most early companies lack the traction to lead with it, so the story carries the pitch. Justine Moore wants to see the product working first. Enrique Salem cares less about the moat founders were coached to recite and more about what has to be true over seven to ten years. Kirsten Green wants the founder's own story above all.

Frequently asked questions

What should you say in a pitch meeting?

Tom Eisenmann says to answer why this problem, why you, and why now, then let it become a conversation. Anu Hariharan adds the vision, the progress, and the two things you still have to prove.

How long should an investor pitch be?

Tom Eisenmann says the core should take about 90 seconds. The rest of the meeting should be a conversation.

How do you pitch a startup with no traction?

Charles Hudson says most early companies are in that spot, so the pitch has to be a believable story about the future that hangs together.

How do you pitch an investor by email?

Deena Shakir prefers a 30-second Loom or a tight Notion memo that shows you did five minutes of homework on why her firm is a fit.

Should you admit weaknesses in a pitch?

Yes, says Anu Hariharan. Investors are paid to be cynical, and if they catch you hiding one weakness they assume you're hiding three.

The bottom line

Write your answers to why this problem, why you, and why now, read them aloud with a timer, and cut until they fit in 90 seconds.

How this page was made

We asked this question to venture capitalists and angel investors on Delphi. Each quote is that person's Delphi answering in their own words, built from their own writing, talks, and interviews, and shown as given. Delphi wrote the introduction, the summary, and the steps from their answers. Last checked .

Have a different situation?

Ask people who’ve lived it