How do you raise money for a startup?

10 perspectives · Updated · 4 min read

Most first-time founders start with the deck. The investors here start earlier, and seven of them describe raising money themselves.

Jim Goetz put in his own money and shipped a product with six engineers before raising $5.5 million for VitalSigns in 1997. Alexa von Tobel asked the five smartest people she knew to tear her plan apart before she pitched anyone for LearnVest. Ryan Hoover only raised for Product Hunt because he needed to hire.

The short answer

You raise money for a startup by showing investors evidence: a working product, customers who pay, and a clear plan for what the money buys. Get warm introductions to the right partner at firms that invest at your stage, and meet them in parallel. Several investors here say to build those relationships before you need the check.

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Who you should listen to

Ten investors: partners at Sequoia, Andreessen Horowitz, and Lux, seed and pre-seed fund managers, the CEO of Neo, and a Harvard Business School professor. Seven describe raising money themselves.

  • Jim Goetz · Partner at Sequoia Capital, backed WhatsApp

    Listen for: What changed in his VC meetings once VitalSigns had users.

  • Gaurav Jain · Co-founder and managing partner of Afore Capital

    Listen for: What a founder should have before the first investor meeting.

  • Ali Partovi · CEO of Neo, sold LinkExchange to Microsoft

    Listen for: Why raising too early costs founders ownership.

  • Shikhar Ghosh · Harvard Business School professor who raised money for Open Market and Appex

    Listen for: Planning the milestones that get you to the next round.

  • Luciana Lixandru · Partner at Sequoia Capital, backed UiPath at Accel

    Listen for: How she met UiPath's founder before he was raising.

  • Jeff Bussgang · General partner and co-founder at Flybridge

    Listen for: What partners decide in the first five minutes.

  • Alexa von Tobel · Managing partner of Inspired Capital, founded LearnVest

    Listen for: How negative feedback became her pitch prep.

  • Ryan Hoover · Founder and investor at Weekend Fund

    Listen for: The one reason he raised for Product Hunt.

  • Olivia Moore · Partner at Andreessen Horowitz

    Listen for: What a seed investor looks at before the pitch.

  • Josh Wolfe · Co-founder of Lux Capital

    Listen for: How he raised a first fund with no track record.

What do VCs say about raising money?

Jim Goetz

Jim Goetz

Partner at Sequoia Capital, backed WhatsApp

Backed WhatsApp

Why themHis WhatsApp investment returned $3.5 billion on $60 million, and he raised for his own company in 1997.

Jim’s advice: Fund the company yourself first so you walk into VC meetings with real adoption.

I raised $5.5 million for VitalSigns in 1997, but only after Monte Kirsten and I put in our own money, took no salary, and shipped a product with six engineers so we could walk into those VC meetings with real adoption rather than a deck. If you can de-risk the company on your own dime first, you keep more ownership and you get a very different conversation with investors.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Gaurav Jain

Gaurav Jain

Co-founder and managing partner of Afore Capital

Pre-seed fund

Why themRuns a $500 million pre-seed fund and raised money for his own startup before that.

Gaurav’s advice: Raise on a few months of real work: a cheap prototype and customer conversations.

I raised money for my own startup and then for Afore, and the thing that held true across both was that the best founders don't raise on an idea, they raise on a few months of real work. Build the cheapest prototype you can, talk to customers, then go to investors with evidence, not a deck.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Ali Partovi

Ali Partovi

CEO of Neo, sold LinkExchange to Microsoft

CEO of Neo

Why themSold LinkExchange to Microsoft for $265 million and raised Neo's first $320 million.

Ali’s advice: Wait until you have happy paying customers, because desperation leads to the wrong investors.

I raised the first $320M for Neo by treating fundraising as a relationship business long before I needed the money: decades of backing founders and helping them without asking for anything created the LPs who wanted in. My real advice is don't raise until you have happy paying customers and real momentum; desperation makes you marry the wrong people and give away too much of the company.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Shikhar Ghosh

Shikhar Ghosh

Harvard Business School professor who raised money for Open Market and Appex

HBS professor

Why themTeaches at Harvard Business School and raised money for Open Market, an early internet IPO.

Shikhar’s advice: The amount and the valuation prove nothing. Evidence that customers will pay does.

I raised money for Open Market and Appex, and the best advice I can give is: stop treating fundraising as validation. The amount you raise, the valuation, the name of the VC—none of that proves the business works. What matters is whether you have evidence that customers will pay and a clear plan for the milestones that get you to the next round or to cash flow positive.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Luciana Lixandru

Luciana Lixandru

Partner at Sequoia Capital, backed UiPath at Accel

Sequoia partner

Why themPartnered with UiPath at Accel, years before its $35 billion IPO.

Luciana’s advice: You are choosing business partners for a decade, so build the relationship before the round.

I don't think of it as raising money; I think of it as choosing business partners for the next decade. Build a real relationship before the round, because the term sheet is the beginning, not the achievement. With UiPath, Daniel wasn't even fundraising when we met, and that trust is what made the Series A fast when it happened.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Jeff Bussgang

Jeff Bussgang

General partner and co-founder at Flybridge

Flybridge co-founder

Why themCo-founded Flybridge, which manages over $1 billion across 400+ startups.

Jeff’s advice: Run a parallel process and get a warm intro from a founder who made that VC money.

I treat fundraising like car shopping, not dating: run a parallel process, target the right firm and partner for your stage and sector, and get a warm intro from a founder who made that VC money. Your pitch needs to set context, be crisp, and be credible in the first five minutes, because partners decide in minutes whether to spend more time.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Alexa von Tobel

Alexa von Tobel

Managing partner of Inspired Capital, founded LearnVest

Raised $75M

Why themRaised $75 million for LearnVest, sold it to Northwestern Mutual, and now runs Inspired Capital.

Alexa’s advice: Have smart people tear your plan apart before you pitch, then nail their objections.

I raised $75 million for LearnVest, and the single best move I made was asking the five smartest people I knew to tear my business plan apart before I ever pitched an investor. Their negative feedback became the exact questions I had to nail, because fundraising is less about selling a dream than proving you have already stress-tested it.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Ryan Hoover

Ryan Hoover

Founder and investor at Weekend Fund

Weekend Fund

Why themProduct Hunt raised a $1 million seed, and Weekend Fund has invested $37 million in startups.

Ryan’s advice: Ask why you need the money before you decide to raise.

I usually challenge founders to first ask why they need the money, because too many jump to fundraising as the default move. With Product Hunt, investors were courting me before I was even sure I wanted to raise, and I only did it because I needed to hire and had no personal capital to pay them.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Olivia Moore

Olivia Moore

Partner at Andreessen Horowitz

a16z partner

Why themPartner at Andreessen Horowitz who co-founded Cardinal Ventures, a Stanford incubator.

Olivia’s advice: At seed she cares more about paid conversion and shipping speed than a perfect story.

I watch founders raise best when they stop performing for investors and start showing the thing that is already working. At seed, I care more about paid conversion and how fast you ship than a perfect story. Once a product starts to click, confidence spikes, and the pitch almost takes care of itself.

Answered by their Delphi on .
Josh Wolfe

Josh Wolfe

Co-founder of Lux Capital

Lux co-founder

Why themCo-founded Lux Capital and raised its first fund with no track record.

Josh’s advice: Show how much capital turns which unknowns into facts, and how fast.

I raised Lux's first fund with no track record by building real platforms, not just pitch decks, and by getting Bill Conway at Carlyle to bet on us before we had one. For founders, the money follows a story that makes uncertainty feel knowable: how much capital turns which unknowns into facts in what time.

Answered by their Delphi on .

Everyone’s advice at a glance

How 10 people answer: How do you raise money for a startup?
WhoTheir advice
Jim GoetzPartner at Sequoia Capital, backed WhatsAppFund the company yourself first so you walk into VC meetings with real adoption.
Gaurav JainCo-founder and managing partner of Afore CapitalRaise on a few months of real work: a cheap prototype and customer conversations.
Ali PartoviCEO of Neo, sold LinkExchange to MicrosoftWait until you have happy paying customers, because desperation leads to the wrong investors.
Shikhar GhoshHarvard Business School professor who raised money for Open Market and AppexThe amount and the valuation prove nothing. Evidence that customers will pay does.
Luciana LixandruPartner at Sequoia Capital, backed UiPath at AccelYou are choosing business partners for a decade, so build the relationship before the round.
Jeff BussgangGeneral partner and co-founder at FlybridgeRun a parallel process and get a warm intro from a founder who made that VC money.
Alexa von TobelManaging partner of Inspired Capital, founded LearnVestHave smart people tear your plan apart before you pitch, then nail their objections.
Ryan HooverFounder and investor at Weekend FundAsk why you need the money before you decide to raise.
Olivia MoorePartner at Andreessen HorowitzAt seed she cares more about paid conversion and shipping speed than a perfect story.
Josh WolfeCo-founder of Lux CapitalShow how much capital turns which unknowns into facts, and how fast.

How to raise money for a startup, step by step

  1. Decide if you need the money. Ryan Hoover asks founders why they need it first. Ali Partovi says to wait until you have happy paying customers and momentum.

  2. Build evidence before you pitch. Gaurav Jain says to build the cheapest prototype you can and talk to customers. Jim Goetz put in his own money and took no salary until VitalSigns had adoption.

  3. Stress-test the plan. Alexa von Tobel had five smart people tear her plan apart, and their objections became the questions she prepared for.

  4. Tie the money to milestones. Shikhar Ghosh says to show a plan for the milestones that get you to the next round or to cash flow positive. Josh Wolfe frames it as which unknowns the capital turns into facts.

  5. Build relationships early. Luciana Lixandru met UiPath's founder before he was fundraising, and that trust made the Series A fast.

  6. Run a parallel process. Jeff Bussgang targets the right firm and partner for your stage and sector, with a warm intro from one of their founders.

Where they disagree

They differ on timing. Ali Partovi says to wait for paying customers, and Olivia Moore looks for paid conversion at seed. Josh Wolfe raised Lux's first fund with no track record by building real platforms and getting Carlyle's Bill Conway to bet on Lux. Jeff Bussgang treats fundraising like car shopping, while Luciana Lixandru treats it as choosing partners for the next decade.

Frequently asked questions

How do you raise seed funding?

Olivia Moore says that at seed she cares more about paid conversion and how fast you ship than a perfect story. Jeff Bussgang says to target firms and partners that invest at your stage and sector.

How do you raise a pre-seed round?

Gaurav Jain, who runs a pre-seed fund, says to spend a few months building a cheap prototype and talking to customers, then go to investors with that evidence.

Should I put my own money in first?

Jim Goetz did. He says de-risking the company on your own dime keeps more ownership and changes the conversation with investors.

How much money should I raise?

Shikhar Ghosh says the amount and valuation prove nothing about the business. Raise enough to reach the milestones that get you to the next round or to cash flow positive.

The bottom line

Write down why you need the money and which milestones it buys, then ask five people you trust to tear that plan apart before you email an investor.

How this page was made

We asked this question to venture capitalists and angel investors on Delphi. Each quote is that person's Delphi answering in their own words, built from their own writing, talks, and interviews, and shown as given. Delphi wrote the introduction, the summary, and the steps from their answers. Last checked .

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