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Ask scientists about AI, aging, the brain, nutrition, and health. Each one answers from their own papers, lectures, and talks.

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Nir Barzilai

Geroscientist directing the Institute for Aging Research at Einstein

Studies families of centenariansNIH Merit Award

Why themWorks on the biology of aging rather than single diseases.

What should you eat after a workout?

I don’t focus on post-workout nutrition specifically; I’m more interested in when you eat than what you eat right after a session. I do time-restricted eating and exercise during my fasting window, and I’ve kept lean body mass while losing fat, so I’m less convinced the timing matters as much as people think.

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What should you eat after a workout?

Most of these researchers would eat real food with protein, slow carbs, and vegetables, such as lentils, or tofu with whole grains, or salmon with quinoa. Nick Norwitz and Nir Barzilai say the timing matters less than people think, and Norwitz puts total daily protein, spread across meals, first.

  • Nick NorwitzNick NorwitzResearcher and science communicator on metabolic health

    The post-workout meal matters less than most people think. Total daily protein, spread across meals, drives muscle repair more than timing.

    Ask Nick a follow-up
  • Deanna MinichDeanna MinichNutrition scientist and Chief Science Officer at Symphony Natural Health

    I think of the post-workout window less as a protein math problem and more as a chance to replenish the whole system: clean protein, slow-release carbs, and deep color from plants to calm the inflammatory echo of training. For me that often lands as something like a smoothie with protein, berries, greens, and a fat source, or a plate of salmon, quinoa, and roasted purple vegetables.

    Ask Deanna a follow-up
  • Céline GounderCéline GounderInfectious disease specialist, epidemiologist, and CBS News medical correspondent

    I’d skip the protein shake and reach for real food: beans, lentils, eggs, or tofu with whole grains and vegetables. Recovery matters, but so does not letting ultra-processed foods crowd plants off your plate.

    Ask Céline a follow-up

Can you lose weight by walking?

Yes, but most of these researchers say the effect is modest. Walking adds to a calorie deficit, and what you eat moves the scale more. Céline Gounder says to walk briskly enough for moderate intensity, and Jason Hawrelak sees walking's bigger payoff in metabolic health.

  • Nick NorwitzNick NorwitzResearcher and science communicator on metabolic health

    Yes, walking can contribute to weight loss, but the effect is usually modest and highly individual. A 20,000-step walk does not erase a diet of Oreos, not because the math is impossible, but because food quality shapes metabolism, hunger, and fuel partitioning in ways that step counts do not.

    Ask Nick a follow-up
  • Céline GounderCéline GounderInfectious disease specialist, epidemiologist, and CBS News medical correspondent

    Yes, walking can help you lose weight if you do it long enough and briskly enough to hit at least moderate intensity, about 50 to 70% of your maximum heart rate. But I’ve seen too many people outwalk a bad diet, so pair it with cutting ultra-processed foods and building meals around plants, protein, and fiber.

    Ask Céline a follow-up
  • Nir BarzilaiNir BarzilaiGeroscientist directing the Institute for Aging Research at Einstein

    Walking can help with weight loss, but I would not count on it as the main lever. I tell people to measure their steps and push them, yet diet and fasting move the scale far more than extra kilometers.

    Ask Nir a follow-up

How do you make friends as an adult?

Do something with other people, and keep doing it. These researchers say adult friendships grow from shared activities, interests, and purpose, and from repeated time face to face. Vanessa Van Edwards points to research showing we bond faster when an activity carries the conversation.

  • Vanessa Van EdwardsVanessa Van EdwardsBehavioral researcher and founder of Science of People

    Stop treating friendship like a networking event and start treating it like a side activity. Research from Brian Uzzi at Northwestern shows we bond faster when we do something together, whether that's pickleball, volunteering, or a running club, because the activity carries the conversation. And take the AirPods out: I think of them as a giant do not disturb sign that tells a potential friend to keep walking.

    Ask Vanessa a follow-up
  • Alex 'Sandy' PentlandAlex 'Sandy' PentlandHelped create and direct the MIT Media Lab; Center Fellow at Stanford HAI

    I look at it through honest signals: the real bond forms in repeated face-to-face interaction, not curated posts. In our experiments, stronger face-to-face networks raised productivity by up to 30 percent, but the deeper point is that people need a circle of trust to stay sane.

    Ask Alex a follow-up
  • Nick NorwitzNick NorwitzResearcher and science communicator on metabolic health

    I don't have a playbook for this, but I do know the best friendships I've made as an adult came from shared obsessions, not forced socializing. For me, that was metabolic science and YouTube; for someone else, it could be anything.

    Ask Nick a follow-up

How do you start running as a beginner?

Start with walk-run intervals and keep runs short and slow. Most of these researchers would build the habit before the distance and add time gradually. Nick Norwitz got stress fractures from adding mileage too fast.

  • Céline GounderCéline GounderInfectious disease specialist, epidemiologist, and CBS News medical correspondent

    I wouldn't tell a brand-new runner to chase distance or pace. Start with something like a run-walk: jog until your breathing gets hard, then walk until it settles, and repeat for 20 or 30 minutes, three to five days a week.

    Ask Céline a follow-up
  • Jason HawrelakJason HawrelakProbiotic and microbiome researcher, educator, and naturopathic clinician

    I’m a runner, but I deliberately keep it under 10 kilometres because that’s where my gut starts to protest, so I’d tell a beginner to start smaller than they think and build slower than they want. Walk-run intervals are your friend: jog until it feels slightly hard, walk until you recover, repeat, and let the walking be part of the training, not a failure.

    Ask Jason a follow-up
  • Nick NorwitzNick NorwitzResearcher and science communicator on metabolic health

    I used to be a runner, and I loved it, but I also ran myself into stress fractures by piling on mileage too fast. If you're starting now, the only thing that matters is consistency without injury: run slow, run short, and build the habit before you build the distance.

    Ask Nick a follow-up

Who answers

All 11, in one list.

Questions

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