Conference paper that develops a lifetime-average cost (levelized cost) based techno-economic comparison between centralized district heating (DH) options and distributed domestic-scale heat pumps (dsHPs) for two Swedish urban districts (Hammarby Sjöstad — HS — and aggregated Högdalen/Farsta/Alvsjö — HFA). Using TRNSYS hourly simulations, cost and CO₂ emission factors, and scenario variants (waste- or biomass-fuelled cogeneration, large-scale HPs, distributed dsHPs), the authors find DH (especially with waste-fuel incentives and at larger scale) typically yields lower levelized cost of heat (LCOH), while HP options have lower CO₂ when electricity supply is low-carbon; economy-of-scale and fuel choice are key drivers. Results are presented as LCOH and CO₂ for Cases 1a–1d (HS) and 2a–2d (HFA), with policy implications about DH tariffs and long-term competitiveness of distributed solutions.
Questions this document answers
0.45 sek/kWh
0.62 sek/kWh
0.32 sek/kWh
0.52 sek/kWh
Case 1a: 42 kt; Case 1b: 15 kt; Case 1c: 11 kt; Case 1d: 9 kt